Shepherd, Guide, and Host

Psalm 23's title says it is a Psalm by David. Perhaps no psalm is better loved. David had been a shepherd, so he knew what sheep need: food, water, rest, guidance, and protection. He applies this to Yahweh: Yahweh is my shepherd; I shall lack nothing. He makes me lie down in green pastures. He leads me beside still waters. He restores my soul. He guides me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake. God leads his people for the sake of his own name and reputation.

In verse 4 David moves from speaking about God to speaking to God: Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for you are with me. The psalm does not promise that believers will avoid dark valleys, but that God will be present in them. The rod and staff, tools for defending and guiding sheep, comfort him.

In verses 5 and 6 the picture changes to a royal host. You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies. You anoint my head with oil. My cup runs over. Ancient hospitality meant protection as well as a meal. The psalm ends with confidence: Surely goodness and loving kindness shall follow me all the days of my life, and I will dwell in Yahweh's house forever. In the New Testament, Jesus says he is the good shepherd who lays down his life for the sheep (John 10:11).